Second,
Cohen says, the profit potential in sub-prime lending took
off when Congress deregulated the home mortgage lending market.
She says deregulation had the effect of removing the limits
on how much interest lenders could charge.
Minnesota's
Attorny General, along with officials in other states,
are investigating the predatory lending practices
of Ameriquest, where too many complaints of people
losing their homes to questionable foreclosures could
not be ignored. (MPR
file photo)
|
"So
state usury caps don't apply in first mortgage transactions,
which means basically lenders can charge very, very high rates,
and they're not subject to state law on that," Cohen
said.
But
at least one obstacle remained for sub-prime lenders. They
needed their own banker -- investment companies willing to
buy their loans and resupply them with cash to loan more
money. Cohen says the obstacle was removed when Wall Street
investors saw the profits being made.
"Wall
Street started profiting off this, and at the same time
funneling more money back to the lenders making the loans," Cohen
said. "So there was a real mechanism for these
finance companies to continue making the loans they were
making."
The
result is sentiment runs very hot and very cold about sub-prime
home mortgage lending companies such as Ameriquest. Critics
acknowledge they've opened the door to homeownership for
millions of Americans who would not qualify for money in
the prime lending market.
The
practices of some of the companies -- high pressure sales
pitches, bait-and-switch loan terms, very high fees -- have
drawn a chorus of protests. The result is Minnesota, Maryland,
New Jersey, North Carolina and a handful of other states
have enacted anti-predatory lending laws, or have told state
regulators to investigate sub-prime lending practices.
Twin
Cities attorney Scott Miller says all the activity has not
necessarily helped people who believe they are predatory
lending victims. Miller, whose practice includes defending
lenders, says there are plenty of laws on the books to arm
regulators who want to rein in unscrupulous lenders and others.
"Deceptive
Trade Practices act, the licensing of originators and services
of mortgages. There are criminal statutes, there's common
law fraud, there's banking laws on the state and federal
level," Miller said. "The problem is
many states, including Minnesota, don't have the resources
to enforce the laws."
Miller
added that the biggest regulatory help would be for Congress
to enact a single set of standards, and one place for victims
of predatory lending to file their complaints.
A
bill, however, before Congress that purports to do that has
run into a storm of criticism. Its sponsors say the proposal
sets minimum standards for behavior of lenders.
Critics
say the standards are well below what some states, including
Minnesota, already require. Worse, the critics say, the proposal
pre-empts state anti-predatory lending laws, which in many
cases are stronger than anything Congress has approved.
****
Ameriquest Capital Corp.
Founded: 1979 as Long Beach Savings & Loan
Headquarters: Orange County
Branch offices: 298 in 38 states
Employees: More than 12,000
Subsidiaries: Ameriquest Mortgage Co., Argent Mortgage Co.,
Ameriquest Mortgage Securities, Long Beach Acceptance Corp.,
Town & Country Credit
*
Sources: Ameriquest Capital Corp., Hoover's
Los Angeles Times
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